Permafrost Overview References

Permafrost Distribution

• IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
• National Park Service . (n.d.). U.S. Department of the Interior . Retrieved from Denali National Park and Reserve: Permafrost Landscapes: http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/monitoring/files/Permafrost-Landscapes.pdf
• The International Permafrost Association . (2011). What is Permafrost? . Retrieved from IPA Arctic Portal: https://ipa.arcticportal.org/publications/occasional-publications/what-is-permafrost

Permafrost Ice Types

• Downy, K. (2012). Ancient Yedoma Carbon Loss: Primed by Ice Wedge Thaw? . Retrieved from The Polaris Project: http://www.thepolarisproject.org/ancient-yedoma-carbon-loss-primed-by-ice-wedge-thaw/
• Permafrost. (2013). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/452187/permafrost
• Pidwirny, M. (2006). Periglacial Processes and Landforms. Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd Edition. http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10ag.html
• United States Permafrost Association . (2013). Permafrost Glossary . Retrieved from US Permafrost Associaiton : http://www.uspermafrost.org/glossary.php

Surface Features

• National Geographic. (2007). Feature Permafrost. Retrieved from Did You Know? : http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/2007-12/permafrost/did-you-know.html
• National Park Service . (n.d.). U.S. Department of the Interior . Retrieved from Denali National Park and Reserve: Permafrost Landscapes: http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/monitoring/files/Permafrost-Landscapes.pdf
• University of Alaska Anchorage . (2004). Alaskool . Retrieved from Permafrost : http://www.alaskool.org/resources/regional/yukon_reg_profile/permafrost.htm
• University of Guelph. (n.d.). Land Features: Freeze-Thaw: Hummock . Retrieved from Canada's Arctic: http://www.arctic.uoguelph.ca/cpe/environments/land/features/freeze-thaw/hummock.htm
• US Army Corps of Engineers. (2012). Permafrost Tunnel Research Facility: Permafrost Patterned Ground. Retrieved from Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory : http://permafrosttunnel.crrel.usace.army.mil/permafrost/patterned_ground.html